But before using tutia internally, it is always subjected to tasfiya or shodhana. Internally, it is used in the form of kushta. Externally copper sulfate is applied to indolent ulcers, exuberant, granulations, sinus, and fistula-in-ano. It is used in case of poisoning by narcotics like opium ( Papaver somniferum Linn.), nux vomica ( Strychnos nux-vomica Linn), etc. It is powerful qabiz (astringent), muqee (emetic), daf-e-taffun (antiseptic), moharrik (stimulant), and mild kawi (escharotic). It is easily crystallizable and used in different industries for various purposes. It is prepared by roasting copper pyrites with sulfur, then dissolving the roasted mass in water and evaporating the solution to obtain dark blue crystals of copper sulfate. A little amount of tutia can be seen near copper mines in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Jharkhand. In India, natural occurrence of tutia, in abundance, is uncommon. It is a blue colored crystalline substance which is available in native form occasionally. It is known by various vernacular names like tutiae akhzar in Arabic, tutia and nilathotha in Hindi, and copper sulfate or blue vitriol in English. Tutia is a semi-metal derived from copper. The preparation of a kushta results in increased efficacy of a medicine, and after affecting its entry into the body, the kushta discharges its curative role promptly and effectively. The term kushta (calcined product) is employed for a dosage form that is a blend of metals, metallic oxides, non-metals and their compounds, used in small quantity and one that is immediately effective. These systems use mineral preparations mostly in calcined forms: Bhasmas in Ayurveda, Kushtas in Unani-Tibb, and Parpams in Siddha. There are three principal systems of medicine practiced in India: Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani-Tibb.
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